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Indy Integrative Medicine

Thymulin, between systems

Reading list

Thymulin, zinc and the endocrine connection

A route through the experiments that put these subjects in the same conversation.

The pituitary-cell preparation

Start at the rat anterior pituitary-cell experiment. Then the thymus–neuroendocrine review provides a larger account of the reciprocal relationship. The scale changes between an individual experiment and a synthesis; I enjoy returning to the individual preparation after the wider account.

Zinc, conformation and activity

The metal-removal and restoration experiment, the zinc-interaction review and the zinc-dependent antibody experiment make a satisfying sequence. They approach thymulin through activity, conformation and recognition. Human zinc deficiency, human age comparisons and aged mouse thymus in culture take that chemistry into different biological settings.

Follow the replacement experiments

Sustained circulating thymulin after thymus removal and the neonatal endocrine-development study belong together as animal experiments involving an absent thymus. The rheumatoid arthritis analogue trials are a separate human clinical question. The full citation details follow.

  1. Thymulin stimulates corticotrophin release and cyclic nucleotide formation in the rat anterior pituitary gland ↗
  2. The thymus-neuroendocrine axis: physiology, molecular biology, and therapeutic potential of the thymic peptide thymulin ↗
  3. Contribution of zinc and other metals to the biological activity of the serum thymic factor ↗
  4. Interactions between zinc and thymulin ↗
  5. A zinc-dependent epitope on the molecule of thymulin, a thymic hormone ↗
  6. Serum thymulin in human zinc deficiency ↗
  7. Age-related thymus involution: zinc reverses in vitro the thymulin secretion defect ↗
  8. Distribution of age-related thymulin titres in normal subjects through the course of life ↗
  9. Gene therapy for long-term restoration of circulating thymulin in thymectomized mice and rats ↗
  10. Thymulin-based gene therapy and pituitary function in animal models of aging ↗
  11. Nonathymulin in rheumatoid arthritis: two double blind, placebo controlled trials ↗